Template:Characteristics of the Weibull Distribution

Characteristics of the Weibull Distribution
As was mentioned previously, the Weibull distribution is widely used in reliability and life data analysis due to its versatility. Depending on the values of the parameters, the Weibull distribution can be used to model a variety of life behaviors. We will now examine how the values of the shape parameter, β, and the scale parameter, η , affect such distribution characteristics as the shape of the curve, the reliability and the failure rate. Note that in the rest of this section we will assume the most general form of the Weibull distribution, i.e. the three-parameter form. The appropriate substitutions to obtain the other forms, such as the two-parameter form where γ = 0, or the one-parameter form where β = C = constant, can easily be made.

Characteristic Effects of the Shape Parameter, β
The Weibull shape parameter, β, is also known as the slope. This is because the value of β is equal to the slope of the regressed line in a probability plot. Different values of the shape parameter can have marked effects on the behavior of the distribution. In fact, some values of the shape parameter will cause the distribution equations to reduce to those of other distributions. For example, when β = 1, the of the three-parameter Weibull reduces to that of the two-parameter exponential distribution or:


 * $$ f(t)={\frac{1}{\eta }}e^{-{\frac{t-\gamma }{\eta }}} $$

where $$ \frac{1}{\eta }=\lambda = $$ failure rate. The parameter β is a pure number, i.e. it is dimensionless.

Characteistic Effects of the Scale Parameter, η


A change in the scale parameter η has the same effect on the distribution as a change of the abscissa scale. Increasing the value of η while holding β constant has the effect of stretching out the. Since the area under a curve is a constant value of one, the "peak" of the pdf curve will also decrease with the increase of η, as indicated in the above figure.


 * If η is increased while β and γ are kept the same, the distribution gets stretched out to the right and its height decreases, while maintaining its shape and location.
 * If η is decreased while β and γ are kept the same, the distribution gets pushed in towards the left (i.e. towards its beginning or towards 0 or γ ), and its height increases.
 * η has the same units as, such as hours, miles, cycles, actuations, etc.

Characteristic Effects of the Location Parameter, γ
The location parameter, γ, as the name implies, locates the distribution along the abscissa. Changing the value of γ has the effect of sliding the distribution and its associated function either to the right (if γ &gt; 0 ) or to the left (if γ &lt; 0 ).''




 * When γ = 0, the distribution starts at or at the origin.
 * If γ &gt; 0, the distribution starts at the location γ to the right of the origin.
 * If γ &lt; 0, the distribution starts at the location γ to the left of the origin.
 * γ provides an estimate of the earliest time-to-failure of such units.
 * The life period 0 to + γ is a failure free operating period of such units.
 * The parameter γ may assume all values and provides an estimate of the earliest time a failure may be observed. A negative γ may indicate that failures have occurred prior to the beginning of the test, namely during production, in storage, in transit, during checkout prior to the start of a mission, or prior to actual use.
 * γ has the same units as T, such as hours, miles, cycles, actuations, etc.